Glogster

thank you!

additional tips

Remember to read all questions carefully.

Take note of the correct words to use when answering questions.
* increases/decreases
* more/less (only comparing 2 things)
* most/least (comparing more than 3 things)
* But for differences
* both for similarities
* when asked for conclusion, always look at the question for the aim of the experiment.
* when asked for aim of conclusion, always look at the variables in the experiment
* when asked to select the correct variables, always look at the aim of the experiment to help you ensure a fair test.

All the best!

Magnets

Magnets can be natural (lodestone/magnetite) or man-made(steel,iron, cobalt etc).

Magnets are normally metals but NOT ALL METAL ARE MAGNETIC.

so:
Metals can be:
1. Magnetic - iron, steel
2. Non-magnetic - aluminum, copper

Characteristics of magnets
1. two poles each end(N-pole and the S-pole)which also has the strongest magnetism.
2. always rest in the North-south direction.
3. Like poles (N-pole + N-pole) repels
4. Unlike poles (N-pole+S-pole) attracts
5. repels other magnets. (magnetic material can only be attracted to magnets, it CAN NEVER REPEL.)
6. magnetism can pass through NON MAGNETIC MATERIALS

A magnet can be damaged if:
1. hit repeatedly with a hammer
2. heat for a long period of time
3. dropped several times

A temporary magnet can be made using A MAGNETIC MATERIAL (steel, iron)either by:
1. STROKING METHOD - always stroke in the same direction
- magnetism can be increased by increasing the number of strokes
2. ELECTRICAL METHOD - magnetic material (normally a nail) becomes an ELECTROMAGNET when circuit is closed. (electricity flows through)
- strength of the electromagnet can be increased by increasing the number of coils around the magnetic material 0r
- adding more batteries

Magnets can be found in many household items or around you.

Materials

Materials can be man made or natural(from animals or plants).
Different kinds of materials have different purposes because of the different properties they have.

- strength(strong) - ability to support heavy loads without breaking
- hardness(hard/soft) - ability to withstand scratches
- flexibility - ability to bend without breaking
- sink or float - stay afloat or sink to the bottom
- waterproof - does not absorb water

*be very careful when answering questions. If the question is asking for an example of an object, DO NOT LIST A MATERIAL. You have to provide an example of an object (metal spoon, leather gloves etc).
If question asks for an example of a material, provide the materials (wood, plastic, glass, metal, rubber, leather etc) and not AN OBJECT.

*when comparing only two items, use more or less
*when comparing more than two, use most, least, heaviest, lightest.

Life Cycle

Different animals have different number of stages in their life cycles.

Four-staged life cycle
Egg ---->larva (moulting occurs at this stage)-------> pupa (Feeding stops at this stage, changes takes place inside the pupa) -------> adult
mosquito
butterfly
moth
mealworm beetle

Three-staged life cycle
Egg----->nymph------>adult
cockroach
grasshopper
dragonfly

Three-staged life cycle
Egg----->young------->adult
frog
chicken

Life cycle of a plant
seed------>seedling(young plant) ------>adult plant
*only able to make food when leaves appear. Depends on seed coat for food before leaves appear.

Living things

Living Things:
1. can grow (in height, in mass, in size etc)
2. can reproduce (to ensure continuity of their own species, to prevent extinction)
3. can respond to changes (escape from danger, look for shelter and food, to look for a mate)
4. can move on their own freely (plants move toward the sunlight)
5. need air, food and water to survive

* these are the characteristics of living things. All living things must have all the characteristics to be a living thing.

Living things can be grouped into:
1. Animals
2. Plants - only group that makes its own food
3. Fungi - feed on decaying matter
4. Bacteria - can be seen with a microscope

Animals can be grouped into:
1. Mammals - feeds its young with milk, give birth to young alive (except platypus and spiny anteater which lay eggs), has hair as body covering.
2. Insects - exoskeleton, 3 body parts, 6 legs, one pair of antenna
3. Fish - has scales as body covering, lay eggs (except guppy, molly and swordtail which gives birth to young alive), breathes through gills
4. Birds - has feathers as body covering, has a beak, lay eggs

*not all eggs will hatch. Only fertilized eggs wil hatch into young.

Plants can be grouped into:
1. Flowering - bears flowers which becomes fruits. Reproduces by seeds
2. Non-flowering - does not bear flowers which means no fruits, reproduces by spores
(fern, mosses)

*Seeds only need air, warmth and moisture to germinate. NOT SUNLIGHT AND FOOD